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Legal Briefing

Class B Airspace

Flying With The Big Boys
The federal aviation regulations (FARs) place many restrictions on the solo flight operations of student pilots. Not only must the student pilot possess a current airman medical and student pilot certificate ("The FAA's Medical Application," April 1999 AOPA Flight Training), he or she also must satisfy certain aeronautical knowledge requirements, have performed certain maneuvers and procedures, and hold proper logbook and certificate endorsements. Another limitation placed on student pilots embarking on solo flight is the one that restricts their travel into Class B airspace.

Part 61.95 of the FARs specifies that a student pilot may not operate an aircraft on a solo flight in Class B airspace and may not operate an aircraft on solo flight to, from, or at an airport in Class B airspace without first meeting a few requirements. The regulation can be broken down into two circumstances: flight into Class B airspace (traveling through the airspace) and flight into an airport within the Class B airspace (departing or landing at an airport within the surface boundaries of the airspace). For purposes of our discussion here, solo flight is defined as that flight time during which a student pilot is the sole occupant of the aircraft.

To legally fly into Class B airspace, the student pilot must have accomplished three things. First, the student must have received ground and flight training on that particular Class B air-space from an authorized flight instructor. Note that the ground training has to have been on the specific Class B airspace where the student will operate and that the flight training must have occurred in that same Class B airspace. Second, the student's logbook must be endorsed by the flight instructor who performed the flight training, and the logbook endorsement must be dated within 90 days of the solo flight in that airspace. Third, the logbook endorsement must be specific in stating that the student has received the required training and has been found proficient to conduct solo flight in that specific Class B airspace area.

There are three similar types of requirements for the student pilot who wishes to operate to, from, or at an airport located within Class B airspace. First, he or she must have received ground and flight training from an authorized flight instructor on that particular airport. Note again that the training has to have occurred at the specific airport for which solo flight is authorized. Second, the student's logbook must have been endorsed by the flight instructor who performed the flight training, and the logbook endorsement must be dated within 90 days of the solo flight. Third, the logbook endorsement must be specific in stating that the student pilot has received the required training and has been found proficient to conduct solo flight at that specific airport.

But even with the proper training and endorsements, there is a significant exception to allowing student pilot solo flight operations at Class B airports. Specifically, FAR 91.131(b)(2) prohibits student solo flight activity, takeoffs, or landings, at those airports listed in Appendix D, Section 4 of Part 91. The listed airports are, for the most part, the larger, busier commercial airports. Currently, there are 12 airports listed, including Atlanta's Hartsfield Airport, Chicago's O'Hare Airport, Los Angeles International Airport, Miami International Airport, and Reagan National Airport in Washington, D.C.

There are a couple of points you should pay close attention to when complying with this regulation. First, note that the endorsement must be dated within 90 days of the flight - the flight and ground training need not have occurred during that preceding 90-day period. Second, note that the student's logbook must be endorsed by the flight instructor who gave the flight training. Another flight instructor could have given the ground training, but he or she need not have endorsed the student's logbook for purposes of compliance with this regulation.

Learning to operate within Class B airspace is an important experience for any student pilot. However, operating in Class B, as in busy, airspace can be challenging, and the student pilot on a solo flight needs to be properly prepared.

Kathy Yodice
Kathy Yodice
Ms. Yodice is an instrument rated private pilot and experienced aviation attorney who is licensed to practice law in Maryland and the District of Columbia. She is active in several local and national aviation associations, and co-owns a Piper Cherokee and flies the family Piper J-3 Cub.

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